• In this study using the RBD Byr GST

  2022-06-27

  

  In this study, using the RBD (Byr2)-GST pull-down assay associated with mass spectrometry, we also detected some kinases interacting with Ras-GTP under NO treatment. Among the kinases identified by mass spectrometry, we highlight Ste11 (designated Byr2 in S. pombe), Ste7 (Byr1) and Hog1. Interesting

• Importantly lactate and H exert

  2022-06-27

  

  Importantly, lactate and H+ exert some of their biological effects independently of each other, though sometimes through redundant pathways leading to a same biological effect, as for angiogenesis. In other cases, they can have antagonist effects: lactate was shown to stimulate extracellular matrix

• The lactic acid receptor HCA

  2022-06-27

  

  The lactic FK228 receptor HCA1 is primarily expressed in white and brown adipocytes 11, 12, 17, 18 (Table 1). Only relatively low expression levels of HCA1 have been described in several other tissues 16, 19, and it is not clear whether this is due to the presence of adipocytes in these tissues or w

• br Conflict of interest statement br

  2022-06-27

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Dr. Linda Console-Bram for her editing of this review, Valentina Lucchesi for help with the figures, and acknowledge funding from NIH/NIDA (DA023204). GPR35 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicat

• The genes for the receptors for

  2022-06-24

  

  The genes for the receptors for peptides similar to glucagon are dispersed on three human chromosomes, with two on chromosome 17 (GCGR and GLP2R) and one each on chromosomes 6 (GLP1R) and 19 (GIPR) (see Table S1). The exon–intron gene structures of these genes are similar, as are the genes for other

• Sexual size dimorphism has been observed in European eel

  2022-06-24

  

  Sexual size dimorphism has been observed in European eel and half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), as females have a faster growth rate than males, (Degani, G., et al., 2003, Ma, Q., et al., 2012). Ma et al. 2011 reported that the mRNA level of GH was higher in the pituitary gland of bot

• For the two KO models CX and CX fluorescence

  2022-06-24

  

  For the two KO models (CX30 and CX43), fluorescence recovery is almost always best fitted with a 2-component exponential (Fig. 6A and D). Statistical analysis of the parameters (Table 1) shows that in both cases the two time scales and the fraction of recovery associated with the fast intracellular

• br Substrate Interactions Outside of the Catalytic

  2022-06-23

  

  Substrate Interactions Outside of the Catalytic Cleft As for other types of protein–protein interactions, kinase–substrate docking interactions can occur through large binding interfaces or through recognition of short linear sequence motifs. For kinases with a large number of substrates, the use

• In diseased blood vessels increased production

  2022-06-23

  

  In diseased blood vessels, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as peroxynitrite, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, have been found [[53], [54], [55]]. Peroxynitrite was suggested to alter the redox state of sGC [53] while hydrogen peroxide interfered with the action of NO bu

• Previous studies have shown that Cu I neurotoxicity

  2022-06-23

  

  Previous studies have shown that Cu(I) neurotoxicity includes induction of ROS with involvement of the NF-kB pathway and apoptosis (Butterworth, 2010) and that, in its Cu(I) state, Cu(I) alters microglia phenotype and inhibits nitric oxide release (Rossi-George et al., 2012). Cu(I) has a great affin

• Finally our data found that the EBV dUTPase protein

  2022-06-23

  

  Finally, our data found that the EBV dUTPase protein modulates tryptophan, serotonin, and DA metabolism and use in vitro and in vivo. The EBV dUTPase may alter kynurenine catabolism in microglia in vitro, suggesting that there is an increase synthesis of quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid, an agonist

• The amyloid precursor protein APP

  2022-06-23

  

  The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a membrane protein thought to be involved in plasticity, synapse formation and repair, and export of metal ions [68]. The APP present in the brain can be cleaved by three different secretases [73], [74]. Cleavage of APP first by alpha secretase and then gamma-s

• br Brief overview of the glutamate system and rationale

  2022-06-23

  

  Brief overview of the glutamate system and rationale for targeting the glycine site of NMDARs In the central nervous system (CNS), glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter and works in concert with gamma-aminobutyric Methylcobalamin mg (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. T

• Glutamate aspartate transporters or excitatory amino acid

  2022-06-23

  

  Glutamate-aspartate transporters or excitatory amino FH1 mg transporters (EAATs) are essential for the maintenance of glutamate homeostasis. EAATs are widely distributed in central neurons and glial cells (Danbolt, 2001, Martinez-Lozada et al., 2011). They are driven by Na + and K+ gradients (Jiang

• galeterone br Acknowledgements br Introduction Benzodiazepin

  2022-06-23

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Benzodiazepine (BZ) treatment is widely used for quick and efficient anxiolytic and sedative responses. However, when the use is extended to longer periods, adverse effects emerge. These include tolerance to the initial drug effect, dependence as revealed by withd

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